Existing multilingual embedding models perform poorly on Kinyarwanda due to severe under-representation in their pre-training corpora

Existing multilingual embedding models such as LaBSE, mE5-large, and OpenAI text-embedding-3-large perform poorly on Kinyarwanda due to severe under-representation in their pre-training corpora.

http://arxiv.org/abs/2608.26941v1